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Engineered cell therapy targeting neuroprotective pathways to treat retinal degeneration

Prevailing Challenges

Retinal degeneration, like many other complex diseases, involves progressive failures in multiple systems. Standard approaches targeting one single pathway has historically failed to work. A more sophisticated approach targeting multiple pathways is thus required.

Neuro-glycolysis
Neuroinflammation
Oxidative Stress
Metabolic Stress

The use of stem cells and their secretome for neuroprotection has emerged as novel therapeutic approach over the last decade. However, their success in the clinic has proved limited. In particular, stem cell therapies are confronted with two obstacles

Diagram

Undetermined cell fate leading to cell differentiation towards a heterogeneous cell population and uncontrolled cell-cell interactions

RESULT
  • Ganglion cell
  • Amacrine cell
  • Bipolar cell
  • Müller cell
  • Horizontal cell
  • Rod photoreceptor
  • Cone photoreceptor
Proces Tree diagram
Diagram

Unpredictable in-vivo microenviroment leading to unwanted cell-matrix interaction

In vivo cell matrix interactions
SIGNAL CUES
Diagram
MECHANICAL CUES
Diagram
SPATIAL CUES
Diagram
CROSS LINKING CHEMISTRIES
Diagram
In vivo cell matrix interactions
Cross-linking chemistries between cells and matrix
signal cues between cells and matrix
mechanical cues of cells in matrix
shape

Our Science

Cellular Development Platform

At InGel our scientists have discovered a novel cell state, during the cell differentiation process, for the retinal neurons including rods, cones and the ganglion cells. In this state, the cells are fated to only differentiate towards one cell type, therefore achieving high purity, but and the same time are still proliferative and can be expanded to hundred of millions. We named them Precursor Cells.

Unlike multi-potent stem cells that may differentiate towards many cell types, these precursor cells make great therapeutic candidates because they do not encounter the unwanted behaviors from a heterogeneous cell population and messy cell-cell interactions. We can also conduct elegant target engagement studies by isolating the pure cells’ secretome and identify the mechanism of neuroprotection.

Rods
Rods
  • Fetal derived
  • Confirmed phenotype, morphology
  • High purity (>95%)
  • Highly neuroprotective
Cones
Cones
  • Fetal derived
  • Confirmed phenotype, morphology
  • High purity (>98%)
  • High engraftment
RGCs
RGCs
  • ESc derived
  • Confirmed phenotype, morphology
  • High purity from human, mouse and pig sources

Hydrogel Delivery Platform

The other problem confronting regenerative cell therapy is its delivery in vivo. Many studies have shown that the cellular response varies greatly depending on its microenvironment. Mechanical cues such as the injection shear stress alone will trigger apoptosis. Other factors, such as spatial cues (cell anchorage), chemical cues (healthy vs diseased host tissue environment) also trigger different cell behavior in vivo.

That is why the other key innovation at InGel is the engineering of a biomimetic hydrogel matrix, enabling the in vivo delivery of the retinal neurons. Our material scientists took inspiration from the human eye and engineered a hydrogel that mimics the human vitreous, consisting of only Hyaluronic acid and Gelatin. This elegant and simple design allows for both intravitreal and subretinal injections and can be tuned to exhibit different stiffness and degradation timeline.

ShapeDiagramDiagram
DiagramDiagramDiagram
STIFFNESS & VISCOSITY
scale arrowscale
SOFT
STIFF
DEGRADATION TIME
scale arrowscale
1 DAY
6 MTHS
Intravitreal injection
STIFFNESS & VISCOSITY
scale arrowscale
SOFT
STIFF
DEGRADATION TIME
scale arrowscale
1 DAY
6 MTHS
Subretinal Injection
STIFFNESS & VISCOSITY
scale arrowscale
SOFT
STIFF
DEGRADATION TIME
scale arrowscale
1 DAY
6 MTHS

Last, because the matrix is engineered to mimic the human vitreous, the degradation of the hydrogel follows an enzymatic degradation, via collagenase and hyaluronidase already present in the eye. This offers a promising safety profile as the metabolites are constantly being cleared by the human eye.

Disease

We are focused on complex retinal degenerative diseases with high unmet need.

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a large group of inherited vision disorders that cause progressive degeneration of the retina, the light sensitive membrane that coats the inside of the eyes. Peripheral (and night) vision gradually decreases and eventually is lost; then followed by the loss of central vision, color vision until patients become completely blind.

Retinitis Pigmentosa
Dry AMD

A common condition affecting more than ten million patients in the US alone, Dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a slow deterioration of the cells of the macula, often over many years. The macula is the part of the retina that controls sharp, straight-ahead vision. While it doesn’t always cause complete blindness, losing the central vision can make it harder to see faces, read, drive, or do close-up work.

Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of diseases that damage the nerve connecting the eye to the brain (the optic nerve). It results in progressive vision loss and eventually blindness. About 3 million Americans have glaucoma but only 50% know they have the condition. This is because glaucoma may not cause any symptoms initially.

Retinitis Pigmentosa
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Research Platform

RegenesisTM is a target discovery and validation platform for neuroprotective pathways in the eye. It leverages single cell proteomics profiling for rod photoreceptors and their secretome. By modifying specific gene or gene combo in the pure human rod photoreceptor, InGel is able to isolate protein of neuroprotective significance first in vitro and later in vivo. The in vitro testing stage is high-throughput, as testing can be performed in pure human cone photoreceptor population.

Single Cell Proteomics Profiling
Purified Human Rod Photoreceptor
Secretome Isolation
LC-MS Analysis
In Vitro Testing
In vitro assay narrow down
In Vivo Validation
In vivo target validation
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Single Cell
Proteomics Profiling
PURIFIED HUMAN ROD RECEPTOR
SINGLE CELL
PROTEOMICS PROFILING
Single Cell
Proteomics Profiling
SECRETOME ISOLATION
Secretome Isolation
Single Cell
Proteomics Profiling
LC-MS ANALYSIS
LC-MS Analysis
Single Cell
Proteomics Profiling
SINGLE CELL
PROTEOMICS PROFILING
In Vitro Testing
SiRNA Gene Knockout
Modified Rod Knocking Out Gene or Gene Combo
SiRNA Genetic Knockout
In Vitro Testing
Correlative Testing
PURE HUMAN CONE
Correlative Testing in Cone Photoreceptors
In Vitro Testing
Narrow Down
MEASURE CONE RESCUE
In vitro assay narrow down
In Vitro Testing
IN VIVO VALIDATION
In ViVo VALIDATION
In Vivo Validation
Modified Rod Knocking Out Gene or Gene Combo
SiRNA Genetic Knockout
In ViVo VALIDATION
In Vivo Functional Analisys
ANIMAL MODEL STUDIES
In vivo functional analysis
In ViVo VALIDATION
Further Narrow Down
MEASURE FUNCTIONAL ENDPOINTS
Further Narrow Down
In ViVo VALIDATION
IN VITRO TESTING
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Our Team

Leadership Team

Pierre C Dromel
Pierre C Dromel
Ph.D.
Co-Founder & Chief Executive Officer
Deepti Singh
Deepti Singh
Ph.D
Co-Founder & Chief Scientific Officer
Patrick Jiang
Patrick Jiang
Co-Founder & Chief Business Officer

Scientific & Clinical Advisory Board

Michael Young
Michael Young
Ph.D.
Co-Founder & Chairman of the SAB
Myron Spector
Myron Spector
Ph.D.
Co-founder & Scientific Advisor
Constance Cepko
Constance Cepko
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor
Stephen Redenti
Stephen Redenti
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor
Motoichi Kurisawa
Motoichi Kurisawa
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor
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Scientific Advisory Board

Michael Young
Michael Young
Ph.D.
Co-Founder & Chairman of the SAB
Myron Spector
Myron Spector
Ph.D.
Co-founder & Scientific Advisor
Constance Cepko
Constance Cepko
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor
Stephen Redenti
Stephen Redenti
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor
Motoichi Kurisawa
Motoichi Kurisawa
Ph.D.
Scientific Advisor

Clinical Advisory Board

Dean Elliot
Dean Elliot
M.D
Clinical Advisor
Mark Pennesi
Mark Pennesi
M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Advisor
Charles Wykoff
Charles Wykoff
M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Advisor
Eric Nudleman
Eric Nudleman
M.D., Ph.D.
Clinical Advisor

Business Advisors

Our Publications

Dec 20, 2021
 | 
npj Regenerative Medicine

A bioinspired gelatin-hyaluronic acid-based hybrid interpenetrating network for the...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41536-021-00195-3
Jan 6, 2020
 | 
Science Direct

Injectable gelatin hydroxyphenyl propionic acid hydrogel protects human retinal progenitor...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352940720300494
Jan 6, 2012
 | 
Science Direct

The effect of injectable gelatin-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid hydrogel...

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0142961212000695?
Jun 15, 2021
 | 
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc

Controlling Growth Factor Diffusion by Modulating Water Content in Injectable...

https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0313
Jan 7, 2019
 | 
IOVS

3D hydrogels protect human retinal progenitor cells from stress exerted during transplantation

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2746936
Mar 27, 2019
 | 
Sage Journals

In Situ Cross-linking Hydrogel as a Vehicle for Retinal Progenitor Cell Transplantation

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0963689719825614

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